ISL97635A
Theory of Operation
PWM Boost Converter
The current mode PWM boost converter produces the
minimal voltage needed to enable the LED stack with the
highest forward voltage drop to run at the programmed
current. The ISL97635A employes current mode control
boost architecture that has a fast current sense loop and a
slow voltage feedback loop. Such architecture achieves a
fast transient response that is essential for the notebook
+
-
REF
+
-
backlight applications where the power can be a series of
drained batteries or instantly changed to an AC/DC adapter
without rendering a noticeable visual nuisance. The number
of LEDs that can be driven by ISL97635A depends on the
type of LED chosen in the application. The ISL97635A is
capable of boosting up to 34.5V and typically driving 9 LEDs
in series for each of the 6 channels, enabling a total of 54
pieces of the 3.5V/30mA type of LEDs.
Enable and PWMI
The EN/PWMI pin serves dual purposes; it is used as an
enable signal and can be used for PWM input signal for
dimming. If a PWM signal is applied to this pin, the first pulse of
minimum 40μs will be used as an Enable signal. If there is no
signal for longer than 28ms, the device will enter shutdown.
The EN/PWMI pin cannot be floating, thus, a 10k Ω pull-down
resistor may need to be added.
Current Matching and Current Accuracy
Each channel of the LED current is regulated by the current
source circuit, as shown in Figure 17.
The LED peak current is set by translating the R SET current
to the output with a scaling factor of 733/R SET . The source
terminals of the current source MOSFETs are designed as
100mV to minimize the power loss. The sources of errors of
the channel-to-channel current matching come from the
op amp’s offset, internal layout, reference, and current
source resistors. These parameters are optimized for current
matching and absolute current accuracy. On the other hand,
the absolute accuracy is additionally determined by the
external R SET , and therefore, additional tolerance will be
contributed by the current setting resistor. A 1% tolerance
resistor is therefore recommended.
RSET
+
-
PWM DIMMING
DC DIMMING
FIGURE 17. SIMPLIFIED CURRENT SOURCE CIRCUIT
Dynamic Headroom Control
The ISL97635A features a proprietary Dynamic Headroom
Control circuit that detects the highest forward voltage string
or effectively the lowest voltage from any of the IIN pins.
When this lowest I IN voltage is lower than the short circuit
threshold, V SC , such voltage will be used as the feedback
signal for the boost regulator. The boost makes the output to
the correct level such that the lowest IIN pin is at the target
headroom voltage. Since all LED stacks are connected to
the same output voltage, the other IIN pins will have a higher
voltage, but the regulated current source circuit on each
channel will ensure that each channel has the same
programmed current. The output voltage will regulate cycle
by cycle and it is always referenced to the highest forward
voltage string in the architecture.
Dimming Controls
The ISL97635A allows two ways of controlling the LED
current, and therefore, the brightness. They are:
1. DC current adjustment.
2. PWM chopping of the LED current defined in Step 1.
There are various ways to achieve DC or PWM current
control, which will be described in the following.
MAXIMUM DC CURRENT SETTING
The initial brightness should be set by choosing an
appropriate value for R SET . This should be chosen to fix the
maximum possible LED current, as shown in Equation 1:
I LEDmax = ---------------
733
R SET
(EQ. 1)
DC CURRENT ADJUSTMENT
Once R SET is fixed, the LED DC current can be adjusted
through register 0x07 (BRTDC), as shown in Equation 2:
11
I LED = 2.87 × BRTDC ? R SET
(EQ. 2)
FN6564.2
December 22, 2008
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